Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Sesquiterpenoids target IFIT family proteins and LIMK1: potential implications for the tumor microenvironment and macrophage infiltration

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15717-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular docking simulation predicting the binding affinity between Costunolide (CTD) and key hub gene targets. Three-dimensional visualization of the molecular interaction modes of CTD with ( A ) HERC6, ( B ) LIMK1, ( C ) IFIT3, ( D ) PARP9, ( E ) ISG20, and ( F ) PARP14. The 3D structure of the small molecule CTD is represented in green stick models, while the protein residues are shown in grey. The yellow dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds formed between CTD and the amino acid residues of the target proteins, suggesting stable binding interactions

Article Snippet: Costunolide (CTD, CAS# G5502) was procured from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Sesquiterpenoids target IFIT family proteins and LIMK1: potential implications for the tumor microenvironment and macrophage infiltration

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15717-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro validation of the anticancer effects of Costunolide (CTD) on colorectal (SW480) and renal (A498) cancer cells. A Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay after treatment with various concentrations of CTD for 24 h, demonstrating a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. B Colony formation assay showing the long-term suppressive effect of CTD on the clonogenic ability of SW480 and A498 cells. C RT-qPCR analysis revealing the relative mRNA expression levels of the immune-related cytokine IFN-γ in cells treated with CTD compared to the control group. D Representative images of the wound healing assay at 0 h and 24 h post-wounding. E Quantitative analysis of the wound closure rate (migration rate) in the control and CTD-treated groups, indicating that CTD significantly inhibits cell migration. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs. Control

Article Snippet: Costunolide (CTD, CAS# G5502) was procured from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: In Vitro, Biomarker Discovery, MTT Assay, Inhibition, Colony Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Standard Deviation

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Sesquiterpenoids target IFIT family proteins and LIMK1: potential implications for the tumor microenvironment and macrophage infiltration

doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15717-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of the molecular mechanism and target regulation by Costunolide (CTD) in SW480 cells. A Western blot analysis confirmed that CTD treatment regulates the protein levels and phosphorylation status of LIMK1 (p-LIMK1) and STAT3 (p-STAT3). GAPDH and β-actin were used as internal loading controls. B Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of SW480 cells treated with or without CTD for 24 h. The representative images display the subcellular localization and expression intensity of LIMK1 (Red). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). The results indicate a reduction in LIMK1 protein expression following CTD treatment

Article Snippet: Costunolide (CTD, CAS# G5502) was procured from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing